Libro de Visitas

Josephmes

27 Apr 2025 - 12:03 pm

Broken spheres
Dyson died in 2020 before any of his spheres could be found — although they are just one of a dozen ideas that bear his name.
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“As a young scientist, Dyson showed that three competing quantum theories were actually the same theory — he summarily ended the competition,” said William Press, the Leslie Surginer Professor of Computer Science and Integrative Biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He was not involved in the study. “Later, he applied his genius to areas of astronomy, cosmology, the extraterrestrial realm, and also the very real problem of nuclear proliferation here on planet Earth. At the time of his death, he was recognized as a provocative and creative thinker.”

George Dyson also attested to his father’s fascination and comprehensive reach across disciplines.
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“Taking advantage of a short attention span and an aversion to bureaucracy, he contributed to five fields of mathematics and eleven fields of physics, as well as to theoretical biology, engineering, operations research, literature, and public affairs,” the younger Dyson said. “Many of his ideas were controversial, with one of his guiding principles being that ‘It is better to be wrong than to be vague.’”

The approach of the researchers behind the new study could offer a more fruitful path in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, said Tomotsugu Goto, an associate professor of astronomy at the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. He also was not involved with the study.

“However, contamination by circumstellar debris disks, which mimic Dyson Sphere infrared signatures, remains a concern,” he added in an email. “Authors argue that the debris disks around (dwarf stars) are rare, but the 7 candidate authors selected out of 5 million sources are also rare. Despite this, the seven candidates warrant further investigation with powerful telescopes for a more definitive evaluation.”

Keithfc

27 Apr 2025 - 10:23 am

Поради щодо здорового харчування допоможуть зробити правильний вибір – читайте більше на інформаційному ресурсі.

Larrybic

27 Apr 2025 - 09:53 am

‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
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What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.

“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
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If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”

In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.

“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”

Timothyflemy

27 Apr 2025 - 08:54 am

Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
kraken ссылка
Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.

The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
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кракен онион

Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.

They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.

A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)

Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.

Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.

“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”

Scotdix

27 Apr 2025 - 07:28 am

ссылка кракен # **Как войти на маркетплейс Kraken (kra31.cc, kra31.at): Руководство для пользователей** В современном цифровом мире анонимные маркетплейсы играют важную роль в обеспечении конфиденциальности и безопасности сделок. Одной из таких платформ является **Kraken (kra31.cc, kra31.at)** – торговая площадка, предоставляющая доступ к различным товарам и услугам. Однако вход на подобные ресурсы требует соблюдения определенных мер безопасности и технической подготовки. В этой статье мы рассмотрим, как безопасно и эффективно войти на маркетплейс Kraken, а также какие инструменты и знания необходимы для комфортного использования платформы. ## **1. Подготовка к входу на Kraken** Перед тем как перейти на маркетплейс Kraken, важно убедиться, что вы используете надежные инструменты для защиты своей анонимности и данных. ### **1.1. Использование Tor-браузера** Kraken работает в **даркнете**, поэтому для доступа к нему необходим **Tor-браузер** (The Onion Router). Он обеспечивает анонимность, шифруя трафик и скрывая ваш реальный IP-адрес. - Скачайте Tor с официального сайта: //www.torproject.org](https://www.torproject.org) - Установите и запустите браузер. - Введите корректный адрес маркетплейса (например, **kra31.cc** или **kra31.at**). ### **1.2. Проверка ссылок** Из-за блокировок и фишинговых атак важно использовать **только актуальные и проверенные зеркала Kraken**. Официальные ссылки можно найти на специализированных форумах или через проверенные каналы. ## **2. Регистрация и вход на Kraken** После перехода на платформу вам потребуется создать аккаунт или войти в существующий. ### **2.1. Создание учетной записи** - Нажмите **"Регистрация"** и придумайте **уникальный логин**. - Установите **надежный пароль** (рекомендуется использовать менеджер паролей). - В некоторых случаях может потребоваться **пригласительный код** (его можно получить у других пользователей или на тематических форумах). ### **2.2. Двухфакторная аутентификация (2FA)** Для повышения безопасности активируйте **2FA** через **PGP-ключ** или приложение (Google Authenticator). Это защитит ваш аккаунт от взлома. ## **3. Безопасность при работе с Kraken** Анонимные маркетплейсы требуют особой осторожности. Следуйте этим рекомендациям: ### **3.1. Криптовалютные платежи** Kraken работает только с **криптовалютами** (Bitcoin, Monero и др.). Используйте **анонимные кошельки** и **миксеры**, чтобы скрыть транзакции. ### **3.2. PGP-шифрование** Все переписки с продавцами должны быть **зашифрованы PGP**. Это исключает перехват сообщений. ### **3.3. Осторожность с фишингом** - Не переходите по ссылкам из непроверенных источников. - Всегда проверяйте **домен (.onion)** перед вводом данных. ## **4. Альтернативные способы доступа** Если основной адрес Kraken недоступен, попробуйте: - **Зеркала площадки** (актуальные URL можно найти в Telegram-каналах или на форумах). - **I2P-сеть** (альтернативный способ доступа к даркнету). ## **Заключение** Вход на маркетплейс **Kraken (kra31.cc, kra31.at)** требует технической подготовки и соблюдения мер безопасности. Используйте **Tor, PGP, 2FA** и криптовалюты для безопасных сделок. Помните, что работа в даркнете связана с рисками, поэтому всегда проверяйте источники и избегайте фишинговых атак. Следуя этим рекомендациям, вы сможете безопасно пользоваться платформой Kraken. **Будьте осторожны и соблюдайте анонимность!**

Jameskeeta

27 Apr 2025 - 05:13 am

If you’re looking for a mixer which neither keeps any logs, nor asks you to register; Ethereum is an option you can peek at. It does offer registrations in case you’d want to keep things professional, organized and are a frequent mixer. It’s one of the very few mixers which offer “multiple deposit addresses” (upto 5); so you can break the deposit into multiple parts which add upto your total amount. Even offers 2-FA (via PGP) for account security. It also acts as a BTC aXMR a BTC convertor which further adds anonymity. The fee is randomized between a minimum 1% and a maximum 4%. Minimum Withdrawal and deposit limits are acceptable, currently 0.00045 BTC and 0.0018 BTC respectively. Upto 10 additional addresses supported for each output. Time-delays aren’t completely user-controlled, yet users get to specify the maximum delay they want for the total output. All outputs are processed before this timer is reached. Instant withdrawal too available. Yomix : Zero-log policy Bitcoin Laundry : Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Mixero : Excellent customer support Bitcoin Mixer : It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limit Coin Mixer : Fast payouts 1. Yomix - Zero-log policy Yomix supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.001 BTC and the transaction fee is 0.5–3%. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program. Letter of guarantee is provided.Yomix is a btc shuffle service needed to hide your transfers in the bitcoin world. Yomix currently has a minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.03500000 BTC, so users are advised to deposit more than the entry threshold plus commission, otherwise they will not be able to withdraw funds. The client is asked to set 5 exit addresses. If for some reason, even after a delay of two hours, the user’s balance is not updated, the mixer can contact the support service to take action. For customers who have been inactive for several days, it can take up to 15 minutes after logging in before you see outstanding deposits. Transaction histories are automatically deleted within 1 week after that. The program runs on a dedicated server that is openly connected via the Internet (you don’t need to do this when using the Tor browser). The Bitcoin mixer is launched on another machine, all suspicious activity is monitored, and the website is automatically protected in case of any indication that it is under DDoS attack.Yomix makes the process of clearing bitcoins very easy and convenient for the client. This resource requires one confirmation of the transaction, after which new clean coins are sent to the specified wallet. Users can also control latency for processing their transactions. This is an offshore service, and its sites are also located offshore. This provides users with additional peace of mind and confidence that their data is strictly confidential. In addition, once the transaction is confirmed, users are sent a unique “delete logs” link, giving users the ability to manually delete their traces of transactions. Yomix charges a modest 0.5% commission. This makes BTC Blender ideal for users clearing large amounts of bitcoin.One absolutely unique crypto mixing service is Yomix because it is based on the totally different principle comparing to other services. A user does not just deposit coins to mix, but creates a wallet and funds it with chips from 0.01 BTC to 8.192 BTC which a user can break down according to their wishes. After chips are included in the wallet, a wallet holder can deposit coins to process. As the chips are sent to the mixing service beforehand, next transactions are nowhere to be found and there is no opportunity to connect them with the wallet owner. There is no usual fee for transactions on this mixing service: it uses “Pay what you like” feature. It means that the fee is randomized making transactions even more incognito and the service itself more affordable. Retention period is 7 days and every user has a chance to manually clear all logs prior to this period. Pros: Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions No-logs polici 2. Bitcoin Laundry - Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Bitcoin Laundry is unique in the sense that it offers support for both Bitcoin and Ethereum. The site does not require registration and has a minimum deposit requirement of 0.2 BTC. Transaction fees range from 2 – 5% depending on the amount that is being transferred. There is no referral program offer for Bitcoin Laundry and multiple addresses are not supported. Finally, letters of guarantee are not provided.Bitcoin Blender isn’t as heavily decorated as Bitcoin Laundry, as far as the webpage design goes. But the services and reviews are in no way less as compared to any of the top Bitcoin Tumbler services on the web. It’s a service functional since 2014, and offers two different kind of accounts: Quickmix: Requires no login, but offers lesser control Login enabled account: Requires you to login, provides for more control than the quickmix account. The mixing service is only accessible from its Onion URL, and even though it has a clearnet URL, it primarily only serves an educational purpose. It’s exclusively a Bitcoin mixing service, and supports only Bitcoin. As for the fee, it doesn’t have anything specific, and charges a random fee between 1-3%. This is done to keep our Bitcoins anonymous and more secure, rather than tagging them with a specific fee. Although there’s a special program, or incentive so to say, if amounts worth more than 10 BTC are deposited within a time-frame of 7 days, the fee is reduced by half! Obviously, there also is the time-delay feature, allowing us to delay the transaction by as much as 24 hours. As for security, it supports 2-factor authentication, facilitated with a customized PGP key which ensures only the holder of the PGP key along with the knowledge of the password can access your accounts. It also supports as many as 5 simultaneous deposit addresses, which get you the power to deposit unmixed funds by splitting them into more than one single transaction. And finally, there’s a no logs policy as well, and all the data including deposit addresses and support messages are deleted after 10 days.Bitcoin Laundry is one of the most pocket-friendly, easy to use and customizable Bitcoin laundry platforms in the industry. The user-interface is extremely simple and clean, anyone who has never before used any such service too can navigate around and tumble Bitcoins easily. No registration is required to mix Bitcoins on Blender.io Its “delay” feature lets you set delays from 1-24 hours which increases your anonymity by providing a gap between the deposited coins and the outgoing ones. As for the fee, it’s dynamic, meaning you get to choose the amount of fee you’d like to pay, the minimum fee being 0.5% and the maximum being 2.5% with an additional 0.0005%/address. It’s also one of the rare platforms which provides you with a mixing code which makes sure your previous coins do not get mixed with your newer deposits if you do multiple deposits to the tumbler. The minimum amount you can mix is 0.001BTC while there’s no specific maximum amount as their Bitcoin reserve seems to be quite large. It also has a No Logs Policy and all data is instantly deleted as soon as a transaction is complete; and as for the number of confirmations required it’s 3 for your deposit to be mixed by Bitcoin Laundry It supports 8 addresses for each mix so you can further increase your anonymity. In a nutshell, it gives you the power to choose, is fast, anonymous and totally worth a try. It also supports Segwit and bech32 Addresses, with some terms attached. For e.g. only witness version bech32 addresses are supported. Similarly, only the addresses starting with the number “3” are supported.The principle of operation of the resource is that Bitcoin Laundry sends coins of all users to a single account, mixes them, and then distributes coins to users. You get the same amount (minus commission) of already cleared bitcoins, including several from different parts of the blockchain. Which makes it almost impossible to analyze it. The mixer also sends you a letter of guarantee. This letter of guarantee is a confirmation of the obligations of BitMix biz and that the service has generated an address for the user to send. This email is always signed from the main bitcoin account Bitcoin Laundry (publicly available at BitMix biz). The service also uses a unique code of 12 characters, after that, this user will never receive exactly his own coins back. Save this code it will be needed for the affiliate program. BitMix biz includes an affiliate program and pays users when they bring other users to the platform. You will receive a fee for every transaction you refer to. BitMix biz’s robust privacy policy is backed by several points: No registration and identity verification required. Transaction history is deleted after 72 hours. The randomization function makes the analysis of the protocol more difficult. Tor browser support. Pros: Offers a low minimum deposit of 0.002 BTC Available in Tor 3. Mixero - Excellent customer support Mixero is a simple service that will increase your privacy while using and transacting Litecoin. Every single person have its right for a personal privacy even when transacting, trading or donating Litecoin. Due to litecoin blockchain features you are not completely anonymous while using LTC and here comes Litecoin Mixing Service to help you cut all ties between your old and fresh mixed LTC coins. Using LTC mixer makes almost impossible third-parties to trace your new Litecoin Address and find out how wealthy you are.Mixero offers a good number of features and has a no logs policy. To get started, you’ll need to deposit a minimum of 0.0015 BTC with no transaction fees charged. As an added plus, Mixero supports multiple addresses with a maximum of 5. You won’t have to register to use this service – which is great for those who prize their privacy. However, the site does not offer a referral program.In the past, Mixero was one of the most popular Bitcoin mixers available in the cryptocurrency world. The first of its kind, this bitcoin mixer was shut down temporarily before returning to limited service. Nowadays, Mixero is primarily used to facilitate anonymous individual transactions.Being one of the earliest crypto coin tumblers, Mixero continues to be a easy-to-use and functional crypto coin mixer. There is a possibility to have two accounts, with and without registration. The difference is that the one without registration is less controllable by a user.The mixing process can be performed and the transaction fee is charged randomly from 1% to 3% which makes the transaction more anonymous. Also, if a user deposits more than 10 BTC in a week, the mixing service reduces the fee by half. With a time-delay feature the transaction can be delayed up to 24 hours. A Bitcoin holder should worry security leak as there is a 2-factor authentication when a sender becomes a holder of a PGP key with password. However, this mixing platform does not have a Letter of Guarantee which makes it challenging to address this tumbler in case of scams. Pros: It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitUser-controlled time delays 4. Bitcoin Mixer - It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitBitcoin Mixer has a simple interface, it is easy to use and simple. Time-delay option can be set up to 24 hours. With regard to the fee, there is an additional fee of 0.0005 % per output address. As one of the few, this cryptocurrency tumbler provides a user with a special mixing code which guarantees that fresh crypto coins are not blended with previous deposits. Additional URL Blender is also here to guarantee that users can get to the tumbler, even if the main link is not working.Bitcoin Mixer is one of the most reputable and most user-friendly (in terms of the process and the rate of the fees per transaction) Bitcoin mixing platform available for users right now. It offers a straightforward process and flexible service fees that can be determined by the users themselves, depending on the service that they want.Bitcoin Mixer is one of those mixing services that keep your crypto safe. The platform will take your bitcoin, mix it with other deposits, and give you the same amount of bitcoin in return. It’s designed to reduce bitcoin tracking, “clean” your coins, and help ensure anonymity on the transparent bitcoin network. A bitcoin mixer service like BitMix.Biz will take your bitcoin, then give you different bitcoin in return. The platform collects everyone’s bitcoin deposits, mixes them up into one central account, and then returns the bitcoins to users. You get the same amount of bitcoin (minus a fee), but different bitcoin from different parts of the blockchain. With BitMix.Biz, you get a letter of guarantee. That letter of guarantee is proof of BitMix.Biz’s obligations. When they give you their bitcoin address, they’ll provide a digitally-signed confirmation that this address has genuinely been generated by the server. That letter is always signed from the BitMix.Biz main bitcoin account (that account is publicly available on BitMix.Biz). The platform also uses a special 12 symbol “code” to ensure you get your bitcoin back every time you use the service. You save that code. That code also 100% excludes you from receiving your own coins anytime in the future. With Bitcoin Mixer you will get: Fully Anonymity After your order is invalid, BitMix.Biz will remove any information about your transactions. Absolutely no logs or personality identifying information is kept regarding your use of the BitMix.Biz service. Instant Transfer Money is instantly transferred to your address after your transaction is confirmed. Partner Program Bitcoin Mixer pays users when they refer others to the platform. They’ll pay for every transaction made by an invited user. The platform charges a mining fee of 0.4 to 4%. You can set the fee manually when you’re mixing your bitcoins. The address fee is 0.0005 BTC per output address to cover any transaction fees charged by miners. BitMix.Biz’s mixing process takes up to 24 hours, although it’s usually “almost instant” depending on the current service load. You’re required to mix a minimum of 0.007 BTC and a maximum of 1000 BTC. Transactions outside this range will not be accepted.Bitcoin Mixer currently only supports Bitcoin mixes, however, it has plans to bring in ETH mixes in the near future. It has been featured on Bitcoin.com/ News BTC/ Crypto News/ The Next Web etc. hence building a bit of trust. Very modern, advanced, user-controlled interface. Allows upto 5 output addresses. Obviously, doesn’t keep any logs whatsoever. The user-control is impressive. You get to control the fund-distribution, as well as the time-delay for each output address manually. Even the fee can be set manually. The cheapest allowed fee is 0.5% which is more than acceptable. The highest is set at 5%. Obviously the 0.25mBTC blockchain transaction fee is attached on top of the selected fee. It even has a “strength meter” which shows how strong your mix is, based on all the factors you’ve selected. No registration required whatsoever. And it does provide the mixing code to ensure all outputs are fresh and not linked to any of your previous deposits. Pros: Excellent customer support Proven track record 5. Coin Mixer - Fast payouts Coin Mixer is an extremely basic mixer. It allows only 1 output address to be specified. The UI too is extremely simple and doesn’t feature any sliders or calculators. Users simply enter their output address and receive the funds as simple as that. The minimum mix amount is 0.001BTC while the maximum is 100BTC. Amounts out of these limits will not be mixed. Users have no control on the fee and it’s randomized between 0.5% and 1%. An additional 0.0005 BTC miner fee also exists. The time-delay too (if any) isn’t user controlled and the mixer sends out funds at its own pace. Its working infrastructure seems to differ from other mixers out there. While most other mixers have a “reserve”, this platform seems to use miners. The unclean coins are sent to “miners”, and the clean coins too are claimed to be sent out from “miners”. It however doesn’t keep any logs and all information is deleted once a transaction is complete.Coin Mixer bitcoin mixer is one of the few that allows large-volume transactions. The minimum size for a mixing operation is 0.001 BTC, any amount below this level is considered a donation and is not sent back to the client, there is no maximum transfer limit. The minimum commission is 0.5% with an additional fee of 0.0005 BTC for each incoming transaction. During the transaction, you will receive a letter of guarantee, as in all previously mentioned mixers.This particular Coin Mixer supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency and does not bear any logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.01 BTC and the transaction fee is 1–3%. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program.Coin Mixer works by removing the link between your old and current addresses. Since the mixer destroys any connection between them, your traces of transactions and your identity become untraceable. The main advantage is the low commission. Bitcoin Laundry is a donation platform. They charge no service fees, only a transaction fee of 0.0002 BTC to the exit address, while transactions from 0.0005 to 38 BTC are supported. You can set 5 addresses and specify what percentage of the total amount will be returned to each address. You can select predefined or random payment delays for each address, making it even more difficult to track the transaction. Bitcoin Laundry boasts a “no log” retention period policy and also allows users to manually delete logs with just one click if they wish. Pros: It has a positive reputation among the Bitcoin communityAllows extra payout addresses

Scottnig

27 Apr 2025 - 04:50 am

Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
kra31cc
Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.

The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
https://kra31f.cc
кракен даркнет

Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.

They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.

A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)

Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.

Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.

“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”

Lewiswaill

27 Apr 2025 - 03:15 am

Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
[url=https://kra31f.cc]kra31 cc[/url]
Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.

The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
https://kra31f.cc
kraken onion

Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.

They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.

A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)

Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.

Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.

“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”

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Axolotl problems
As Mexico City grew and became more industrialized, the need for water brought pumps and pipes to the lake, and eventually, “it was like a bad, smelly pond with rotten water,” Zambrano said. “All of our aquatic animals suffer with bad water quality, but amphibians suffer more because they have to breathe with the skin.”
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To add to the axolotls’ problems, invasive fish species such as carp and tilapia were introduced to the lake, where they feed on axolotl eggs. And a 1985 earthquake in Mexico City displaced thousands of people, who found new homes in the area around the lake, further contributing to the destruction of the axolotls’ habitat.

These combined threats have devastated axolotl populations. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are fewer than 100 adult axolotls left in the wild. The species is considered critically endangered.
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While the wild axolotls of Lake Xochimilco have dwindled to near-extinction, countless axolotls have been bred for scientific laboratories and the pet trade. “The axolotl essentially helped establish the field of experimental zoology,” Voss said.

In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual metamorphosis (or lack thereof) as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts.
In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade (though they are illegal to own in California, Maine, New Jersey and Washington, DC). However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic anomalies that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for in the pet trade.

What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic variance,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. (Plus, the pet axolotls likely wouldn’t fare well with the poor habitat conditions in the lake.)

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